Trauma impacts everyone and yet it receives relatively little attention. Despite occasional media stories, most of us do not appreciate the full toll that trauma exerts as it kills and maims our children, friends, and family.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), including sport-related concussion, has become a major health issue. Nearly 10% of mTBI patients (aged 0-18 years) are symptomatic with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) three months after injury. Persistent post-concussion symptoms often result in significant disability and family burden. However, the biological explanation for these prolonged PCS symptoms remains unclear.